* Velandia Mora, Manuel Antonio
Colombia, 1999
"... The influence of the environment is no longer measured by their political attitude, but by their ability to "attract" public attention ...".
Cardona, Hector Fabio
There is no news on the news.
Being an amalgam of all sorts of genres. TV is the audiovisual media by excellence, strength need not be proven, even in marginal areas and even in sectors considered lumpenizados proliferation of TV sets, which shows that in sectors where poverty is extreme, there is no national consciousness as such a critical version of the reality of the country, this is not possible by the cultural shock that television brings, when many opportunities are more easily able to attract international channels to the same national, this situation also affects the elites. Television also able to update the model of society permanently, even proposed concepts on art, science and sport, trivialized. Another clear element of the impact on viewers is the desire of consumption, its future as a consumer born, in which the validity as a person is based on the ability to acquire and demonstrate.
TV also does not provide the conditions for the development of a positive sexual, because unlike any other political process, economic or social has managed to unite the family, not dialogue, but in the negation of the word involved sitting in front of the unit. It is possible, when the model proposed sitcom family that mark social boundaries, when the genitalia is the alternative to achieve success; when the humor is based on double meanings, teasing and discrimination against minorities.
Who in this joint, proposes to (-a) viewers not only hear the possibility of @, but especially to be seen @, thereby creating three types of concepts simultaneously: I heard seen and interpreted. The / The viewer is not usually possible to have a subsequent contact with the signal, unless you own a VCR, but still, not always record all programming, but only that which you are interested, so that unlike print, where you can use over and over Once a source, the possibility is referenced only thing that caught at a specific time. Television is thus a possibility of communication essentially given for here and now ie, based on the signal and the specific conditions peculiar to the viewer. Hence, the television media to be permanently marked by the condition.
From political economy, industries that produce culture can be understood primarily in terms of economic rules governing the market. Hence the information content is bounded by the commercial nature of media organizations (Murdock and Goldin, 1977), while Murdock says " ... the content of the information provided is consistent with the definitions and positions of those who wield power ... ", but there is no denying that some media are critical and allow debate. This could justify, according to Cardona in Habermas who states: " ... means are disconnected from other key agencies because they must constantly defend their own legitimacy ... ".
Keep in mind that the participation of (-a) specialist, on any subject and of course on the topic of sexuality in the final content of the information, acquires a different character when l @ s @ s specialists are directly Implicad in the middle, as economic partners of the same or part of its staff colaboradoræs as columnists, from this situation generally have much more power of decision, to communicate what ell @ s it important, indeed, when the media or program is geared towards this topic or a specific population, such as oriented media target homosexuals.
The need was to appear on television in society, with a kind of new language that would accommodate your audiovisual condition, possible that the visual aesthetic was predominant factor in reaching the final product ( -a) viewer. The "TV" has continued transforming precisely why, in an environment in which the visual aesthetics is no longer a factor, but the element to which turns even the content, so much so that often raw the visual on this, a situation where he or the professional sexuality is not attractiv @, which does not meet the aesthetic canons of socialized-is almost impossible @ to make a permanent presence in the middle, which seems to justify recourse to it (-the) only as the "expert source" on the screen for a few seconds or few minutes or be invited to be part of the scientific team "behind" the program when not the program or channel, further diluting its role as a professional.
Communication, Objectivity and Freedom of Expression
relevant issues of sexuality are hackneyed theme, permanent and recurrent in the opinion shows and even news; becoming well, the issue of sexuality in a tabloid , which according to Laing, quoted by Cardona, are of great attraction to the public, by explaining the opportunity to enjoy culturally indirectly what is prohibited openly; situation created in our medium containing moral concepts Judeo-Christian. The selection of content is justified not only in power but also in culture. According to Pearce (1973), it always tries to maintain clear and pure truth, and rejected the "anomalies", for example, homosexuality is subject to the opposition, not to fit within the accepted social and moral concepts of the relationship men and women (Schudson, 1989). Cardona says "... Many of the so-called cultural concepts are also part of the dominant ideological influence, but they operate at a level even deeper than ideology ..." , are part of "common sense" It is a system called by Gans hegemonic " paraideología " as reported by Cardona.
Internet, the best means in postmodernism, ensures that the information reaches the (-a) specialist and the general public without a "filter." The bombing continued and permanent data, does that all information given by half, by a (-a), a specialist in any area and of course on sexuality, it becomes a fact paraideológico , ie recovered for the preparation of his speech with the culture, as common sense. Content of this information means also a constant and persistent expression of a "vision" particular world, which is also affected by the economy and politics of the society in which it is immersed, also by what happens in the global village.
The sources, opinions and value judgments, their findings and theoretical proposals themselves are not as private as I would like to believe, hence the neutrality and objectivity are less so. What background comes to question the so called "free speech" would not be but only the freedom to express the professional content, its good, has chosen to reinforce that which is pleasing to report, that when such content, are chosen by him (-la) mism @ and not the / the owner @ the middle or same advertisers.
Article 20 of the Colombian Constitution states: "... It guarantees everyone the freedom to express and disseminate his thoughts and opinions, to transmit and receive truthful and impartial and to establish mass media. These are free and have social responsibility. The right to rectification under conditions of equality. There is no censorship ... "(Not highlighted in the original). It should be noted that according to the ruling T-259 of the Fifth Chamber Review [3] , freedom of expression" .. . has, as inescapable limits the rights of others, the common good, and the inviolability of the legal order ... ". On the topic of sexuality, in reality, the communication of (-a), a specialist in this area constantly collides with the rights of individuals to privacy, good name and honor, because sometimes the / user @ the feel of their services to some of the comments you are referring explicitly to the case in particular, a situation that in many occasions, including the appreciation of several persons to an address in particular.
Vale then ask, what is the moral and legal responsibility (-a), a specialist in sexuality. According to the journalist and Advocate Herran, Maria Teresa: "... Both from the ethical and legal, the term accountability is perhaps one of the most essential and complex, because not only involves individual reflection, but a relationship with others. To the extent that someone is responsible, you may be held accountable for their actions and redress if these actions affect others ... "The concept of responsibility eminently particular connotation, hence directly depends on the person's decision to act and how it is these conditions. Responsibility necessarily from the fact that all communication is autonomous, but not so in some cases could be violated individual rights. All liability thus implies a particular professional ethics. But ethics is a social substrate, what is clear that all communication is in turn a social responsibility, such as established the Constitution Colombia.
Since (-a) user @ communication in turn has the right to be informed and impartially @ see, communication implies a permanent two-way process, whereas in the case of a mass medium, it is difficult to achieve. So if you communicate is constantly obliged to give about communication in respecting the rights of (-a) user @.
When he communicates depends for the preparation of the contents of the policy environment in which he works, has agreed in advance that your responsibility is diminished, but not its communication loses force that compels him to comply. Can not forget that the policy that is oriented environment can not in any way deny its social responsibility. In this regard Colombian Constitutional Court in Case T-512, whose speaker was Judge José Gregorio Hernández held as follows: "... Not because of being surrounded by the guarantees for the development of their role has Constituent set can be constructed (the media) in all-embracing bodies of all subtracted by positive law and the deduction of legal consequences that can damage cause to society, public order or separate individual or collectively, by reason or occasion of their activities ...".
Ethical Principles for the Management of Information in Television
These principles are based on the views expressed by the author in the text "A Universal Ethics for Professional Management Sexuality, Human Rights and Human: Sexual Rights" and are relativized to the subject of the information on television.
Any activity in a mass medium, in this case television, conducted by one (a) professional ethical sexuality should be based on the urgent need to establish relations of equality between men and women, ie gender perspective, understanding that this is not an approach exclusive use of women's programs . It follows that any speech or writing should be based on equality between men and women.
Any activity which a (a) professional sexuality should have the ethical foundation of respect for interacting particular identity, ie the recognition of gender identity, identity of sexual orientation, gender identity and also of their gender role, likewise, recognize and be always looking at the social context in which the person is immersed . The professional or sexuality in any case should not influence decision-making by the (-a) viewer towards a particular sexual orientation. Not all viewers and Internet users are identified with a particular sexual orientation, just as not all men are conceived or gender male male or all female, and female or female, every man and woman for themselves assume a gender identity gender role, which are essentially private, and having a social reference.
is the duty of (-a) provide professional sexuality to (a) viewers adequate, scientifically based, updated, politically correct, using language consistent with the semantics of the body, health sexuality and the idiosyncrasy of @ s est . Who communicates must take into account the population segment who communicates, and is therefore important directed to this segment (usually etareo) and in the case of regional television, using the semantics of the place, a situation that is different on national television in that language should be as general as possible.
Any activity of a (a) professional ethical sexuality must demarcate the boundaries of competition. Each professional must communicate only within their field of intellectual mastery, skills and work experience area . Know the limits of their professional actions, analyzing, discovering and keeping in mind the risks their interaction on the user @ or its services, whether they are emotional in nature, in its affective processes in your sex life and even in its economy and way of production. If these are submitted on professional or should have access to a network of services which derive l @.
conflicts or emotional situations (-a) training should not impinge on the quality of information provided , and where this might occur or occurs should abandon provide them, if such conflicts arise during the process, it is your duty to stop recording and referral to professional @ otr. This possibility should be considered beforehand.
should avoid any kind of business, labor, social or economic distort its image by becoming a commercial participant in the image of a product, or because his image is compromised because of it . their judgments and comments should be made explicit in a way, to be made clear when the author quoted a source, is the result of an investigation, is a course or just an idea is not scientifically built with its users, it this were to occur shall waive the provision of services, also if these links were established previously. Also, you should keep your speech is understood as a personal relationship with the show's producers, funders, the presenter or (a), l @ s journalists or anyone in the audience or viewers. should avoid any kind of pressure to supply to get some kind of perks or benefits, the words of a certain product or service particular, also the professional or sexuality should not in any way influence the decision-making to a particular product.
Should be invited along with other non-professionals must refrain from taking sides by invites o @ in case their findings may be involved with issues related to the topic of conversation.
The professional or sexuality in any case should not influence decision-making by the (-a) viewer to a (-a) determine @ object-subject of his desire, eroticism , affection or genitals; lead to the exercise of any type of genital or erotic practice, or prohibit, during his address to provide treatment to persons discriminated because of their sexual orientation or preference affective, erotic or genitals through her cause sexual arousal or induce, nor, encourage exploration of the genitals, and must in no case lead to procreation or deny this possibility, nor abortion or adoption. Also, you must assume that (-a) viewers are entitled to form any kind of family that considered valid for one's self, and refrain from influence or restrict the creation of any family.
When is responsible for a program must ensure the contents of textbooks and curricula, as well, vision, mission, principles of action, objectives and tasks of the , to observe the pre-requisites for those who make the time to invite @ sy ensure the academic level of EST @ s; ensure that any disclosure is made about not depart from the approaches mentioned. Likewise, l @ s that participants understand the significance of individual and social group to participate in the program.
Tod @ sexuality professional who works in television as a presenter (a), journalist, researcher (a) or specialist, is obligated to withhold information that (-a) user @ your particular query, l @ s @ s guests to the program, viewers ol @ s you provide, therefore, is essential protect your privacy, intimacy, good name and image, as well as their integrity, this requires:
Concerning the recording and dissemination of information : Avoid in records, medical records and oral and written reports for scientific events, teaching or publishing, record the information that could make the (-a) user @ your query, the program guests or viewers @ s are identified by others, therefore, only required to state what is necessary, should keep all information entered in a database can be accessed by persons other him or herself and preserve the identity of the person using an identification code and protected by a login, all records must be protected so as to preserve the confidentiality and secrecy. When used for storing electronic processes, automated, manual or by any means, be ensured because at no time was able to access, printing, transfer, deletion of the whole or parts thereof.
The voice on tape, the image still or moving picture of the whole or part of a person's body are part of privacy, status and reputation, not may be copied, disseminated or published without your prior consent duly informed and their written statement and legally protected from the acceptance that it is . In case of a prosecution can only provide private information about a case where this is requested by a judge following the regular judicial conduct and standards, even well, elements concerning privacy that are not necessary for the judicial resolution of that case should be kept in reserve during and after the broadcast.
With regard to the integrity of the guests to the program or professional viewers of sexuality must, at all costs, preserve the integrity of its user in @ Body: Physical, Psychological or Mental and Social.
Proposed Solutions to an Ethical Management:
to find alternatives that would necessarily have to answer the question how then to define the ethical responsibility of (-a), a specialist in sexuality in front of their speeches in a mass medium? In search of answers I have relied on the model proposed by Maria Teresa Herran in Article Journalism and Social Responsibility for defining the responsibility of (a) journalist in the exercise of their profession. While the reference is not direct the process itself is about the analysis should be done to develop the ethical principles of any profession, especially when the subject matter has a direct relationship with the activity of l @ s comunicadoræs.
To achieve these ethical principles would be: 1 develop relevant legislation. At the time, you may find some faults that provide protection with respect to ethics in information management, analysis, could pave the way to the understanding of individual and social responsibility specialist in sexuality. It would also as 2 A Analysis Previous Work on professional differences of disciplines directly and indirectly involved with sexuality. As both a @ s as otr @ s are permanently attached media in the media. That would lead further as 3 º To create the conditions for a process SRO Collective. III events like the National Seminar on Ethics, Sexuality and Reproductive Rights [4] , recently held in Medellín and this First National Symposium on Ethics and Sexuality [5] possible approach to this self-regulation. This discussion necessarily be grounded in practice and have experience about those who have a permanent or constant direct access to mass media. One approach to this discussion and deepen it, for example, activities as carried out in this panel that we are now. [6] A 4 th activity would the Creating an Ethics Commission . This committee would facilitate and strengthen the self-union comprised of specialists in sexuality, with proven track record in human rights issues and ethical and legal aspects, but the most important activity for the ethical development of professions related to sexuality would Self exercised by each person with respect to what they communicate and how we communicate. This involves having a social role and staff in particular and the development of sexuality.
would lack are three important elements to consider: 1 analyze what role l @ s user @ s services l @ s experts on sexuality and how to create the conditions for Est @ s enforce their rights; 2 º Create mechanisms to disseminate of approaches to which we have come, in order to receive feedback from those who did not participate in the discussions and feel that their contributions are essential to the practical development and democratic development of a proposal for ethics in the management of sexuality, 3 ° It is necessary Moreover, this discussion is raised within the institutions that prepare theoretically @ s sexuality specialists in our country and is disseminated in them.
Bibliography:
AVILA ROLDAN, Myriam. Guardianship and media. The Advocate Magazine. Year 2, No. 18, Office del Pueblo, Colombia, January 1995.
Cardona, Hector Fabio. There is no news on the news. Institute for the Development of Democracy Luis Carlos Galan, Ed UNAL, Colombia 1994.
HERRAN, Maria Teresa. Journalism and social responsibility. The Advocate Magazine. Year 2, No. 18, Ombudsman, Colombia, January 1995.
Very Special Review: The Internet explosion. No. 28 Winter 1997, Spain.
SALAZAR Palacio, Hernando. The Challenge of balance. The Advocate Magazine. Year 2 No. 18, Ombudsman, Colombia, January 1995.
* Velandia Mora, Manuel Antonio. Sociologist, philosopher, Sexologist Specialist Project Management Education, Master in Education; DEA and Ph.D. in Psychology, DEA and PhD in Nursing and Culture of care, International Consultant. His professional experience has developed in the fields of research, teaching, consulting and corporate consulting. A pioneer in AIDS prevention programs in Colombia and Latin America. Since 1983 has been carrying out programs to prevent AIDS and STDs to diverse audiences national and international.
since 1977 been working on the promotion and protection of Human Rights and Sexual taking action for Sexual Minorities. His work on the Rights of people living with HIV / AIDS can be traced back to 1987. Professor in the areas of Sex Education and Human Rights Graduate level in different universities. National Award for Research in Sex, the Colombian Society of of Sexology (1996), an entity of which it is Member.
[1] Published in: Latin American Journal of Sexology (RLS). Special Edition, Volume 13, 1999. N º s 1, 2 and 3. Pages 93 to 102.
[2] A first draft of this paper was pr ESENT by the author as a paper at the National Symposium Colombian Ethics and Sexuality. Colombian Association of Sexology (SCS). Medellin, Colombia. 3 to 5 September 1998.
[3] June 1994
[4] Organized by CERFAMI and held on 13 and 14 August 1998.
[5] Organized by the Colombian Association of Sexology and held from 2 to 5 September 1998. On September 2 there was a previous meeting of experts on sexuality, within the same event.
[6] Ethics Panel Proposal for addressing sexuality in mass media.
Additional information may be requested from the author. 
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